What is the meaning of 'Temperamental' in Hindi & English?

Temperamental (adjective) means 'Liable to unreasonable or unpredictable changes of mood, behaviour, or operation.'. Hindi Meaning: अनियमित, तुनकमिज़ाज या अप्रत्याशित रूप से काम करने वाला. Synonyms: Volatile, Erratic, Mercurial, Unpredictable.

What is the meaning of 'Grievance' in Hindi & English?

Grievance (noun) means 'A real or imagined cause for complaint, especially unfair treatment.'. Hindi Meaning: शिकायत या व्यथा. Synonyms: Complaint, Injustice, Objection, Resentment.

What is the meaning of 'Paradox' in Hindi & English?

Paradox (noun) means 'A seemingly absurd or contradictory statement or situation that may nonetheless be true.'. Hindi Meaning: विरोधाभास. Synonyms: Contradiction, Incongruity, Anomaly, Enigma.

What is the meaning of 'Diminished' in Hindi & English?

Diminished (adjective) means 'Made smaller or less in size, extent, or importance.'. Hindi Meaning: घटा हुआ या कम किया गया. Synonyms: Reduced, Lessened, Curtailed, Weakened.

What is the meaning of 'Enamoured' in Hindi & English?

Enamoured (adjective) means 'Liking something a lot, or being captivated and strongly attracted by something.'. Hindi Meaning: मोहित, आसक्त या अत्यधिक आकर्षित. Synonyms: Captivated, Infatuated, Charmed, Fascinated.

What is the meaning of 'Mushrooming' in Hindi & English?

Mushrooming (noun) means 'Rapid and widespread growth, expansion, or proliferation.'. Hindi Meaning: तीव्र गति से फैलना या पनपना. Synonyms: Proliferation, Sprouting, Burgeoning, Booming.

What is the meaning of 'Bedrock' in Hindi & English?

Bedrock (noun) means 'The fundamental principles or solid base on which something is built.'. Hindi Meaning: मूल आधार या बुनियाद. Synonyms: Foundation, Cornerstone, Basis, Root.

What is the meaning of 'Fleeting' in Hindi & English?

Fleeting (adjective) means 'Lasting for a very short time; transient.'. Hindi Meaning: क्षणिक या अल्पकालिक. Synonyms: Transient, Ephemeral, Short-lived, Evanescent.

What is the meaning of 'Static' in Hindi & English?

Static (adjective) means 'Lacking in movement, action, or change, especially in a way viewed as uninteresting.'. Hindi Meaning: स्थिर या अपरिवर्तनीय. Synonyms: Stationary, Unchanging, Stagnant, Fixed.

What is the meaning of 'Reckoning' in Hindi & English?

Reckoning (noun) means 'A time when what one has done in the past is judged, or a serious assessment/calculation of a situation.'. Hindi Meaning: आकलन, मूल्यांकन या हिसाब-किताब. Synonyms: Appraisal, Assessment, Evaluation, Settling of accounts.

The Hindu Editorial Vocabulary: Ground control: On ISRO policy and its focus (2026-09-07) | Hindi Meaning & Synonyms

📅 September 08, 2026 ✍️ author 🏷️ Idioms Phrasal Verbs September The Hindu Vocabulary

📰 The Hindu • 2026-09-07

The Hindu Editorial Vocabulary: Ground control: On ISRO policy and its focus (2026-09-07) | Hindi Meaning & Synonyms

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Temperamental

(adjective)

🗣️ tem-pruh-MEN-tl (टेम्परामेन्टल)

English Definition

Liable to unreasonable or unpredictable changes of mood, behaviour, or operation.

हिंदी अर्थ

अनियमित, तुनकमिज़ाज या अप्रत्याशित रूप से काम करने वाला

📝 Editorial Context: "the launch of its first geosynchronous imaging satellite (EOS-05) on a temperamental GSLV"

✓ Synonyms: Volatile, Erratic, Mercurial, Unpredictable

✗ Antonyms: Reliable, Steady, Consistent, Dependable

💡 Mnemonic Memory Trick:

Temper + Mental = जिसका 'Temper' (मिजाज) कभी भी बदल जाए और वो ठीक से काम न करे।

🌱 Root Word Breakdown: From Latin 'temperamentum', meaning 'proper mixture or disposition'.

Grievance

(noun)

🗣️ GREE-vuhns (ग्रीवन्स)

English Definition

A real or imagined cause for complaint, especially unfair treatment.

हिंदी अर्थ

शिकायत या व्यथा

📝 Editorial Context: "But this grievance was long in the making."

✓ Synonyms: Complaint, Injustice, Objection, Resentment

✗ Antonyms: Satisfaction, Praise, Contentment

💡 Mnemonic Memory Trick:

Grief (दुख) से बना Grievance = दुख या अन्याय की वजह से की गई शिकायत।

🌱 Root Word Breakdown: From Old French 'grever' (to burden, grieve), from Latin 'gravis' (heavy).

Paradox

(noun)

🗣️ PA-ruh-doks (पैराडॉक्स)

English Definition

A seemingly absurd or contradictory statement or situation that may nonetheless be true.

हिंदी अर्थ

विरोधाभास

📝 Editorial Context: "Why would a space agency ramping up space missions upset a section of employees? This is not the paradox it presents."

✓ Synonyms: Contradiction, Incongruity, Anomaly, Enigma

✗ Antonyms: Consistency, Normalcy, Congruity

💡 Mnemonic Memory Trick:

Para (विरुद्ध) + Dox (विचार) = दो ऐसे विचार या स्थितियां जो एक-दूसरे के उल्टी लगें।

🌱 Root Word Breakdown: From Greek 'paradoxon' (contrary to expectation/opinion).

Diminished

(adjective)

🗣️ dih-MIN-isht (डिमिनिश्ड)

English Definition

Made smaller or less in size, extent, or importance.

हिंदी अर्थ

घटा हुआ या कम किया गया

📝 Editorial Context: "IN-SPACe... says the agency will 'not be diminished', only that the industry’s role must grow."

✓ Synonyms: Reduced, Lessened, Curtailed, Weakened

✗ Antonyms: Enhanced, Amplified, Expanded, Augmented

💡 Mnemonic Memory Trick:

Mini (छोटा) शब्द जुड़ा है Diminish में = किसी का आकार या प्रभाव 'छोटा' करना।

🌱 Root Word Breakdown: From Latin 'diminuere' (to break into small pieces, lessen).

Enamoured

(adjective)

🗣️ ih-NAM-erd (इनामर्ड)

English Definition

Liking something a lot, or being captivated and strongly attracted by something.

हिंदी अर्थ

मोहित, आसक्त या अत्यधिक आकर्षित

📝 Editorial Context: "does its vision of India’s space sector align with its founding principles, of not being enamoured of space races..."

✓ Synonyms: Captivated, Infatuated, Charmed, Fascinated

✗ Antonyms: Indifferent, Averse, Repulsed, Disenchanted

💡 Mnemonic Memory Trick:

En + Amour (प्यार/आकर्षण) = किसी चीज़ या विचार के प्यार/आकर्षण में पड़ जाना।

🌱 Root Word Breakdown: From Old French 'enamourer' (to fall in love), from 'amour' (love).

Mushrooming

(noun)

🗣️ MUH-shroom-ing (मशरूमिंग)

English Definition

Rapid and widespread growth, expansion, or proliferation.

हिंदी अर्थ

तीव्र गति से फैलना या पनपना

📝 Editorial Context: "where India is one of a handful of space-faring countries with a mushrooming of 'space startups'"

✓ Synonyms: Proliferation, Sprouting, Burgeoning, Booming

✗ Antonyms: Declining, Dwindling, Shrinking

💡 Mnemonic Memory Trick:

बारिश में जैसे मशरूम (छत्ते) बहुत तेजी से हर जगह उग आते हैं = Mushrooming growth.

🌱 Root Word Breakdown: Derived from Middle French 'mousseron' (moss-growing fungus).

Bedrock

(noun)

🗣️ BED-rok (बेडरॉक)

English Definition

The fundamental principles or solid base on which something is built.

हिंदी अर्थ

मूल आधार या बुनियाद

📝 Editorial Context: "now the bedrock of that vision?"

✓ Synonyms: Foundation, Cornerstone, Basis, Root

✗ Antonyms: Periphery, Superstructure, Top

💡 Mnemonic Memory Trick:

Bed (नीचे की सतह) + Rock (मजबूत चट्टान) = वह चट्टान जिसपर पूरी इमारत टिकी हो (मूल आधार)।

🌱 Root Word Breakdown: Compound of English words 'bed' + 'rock' (solid rock underlying surface soil).

Fleeting

(adjective)

🗣️ FLEE-ting (फ्लीटिंग)

English Definition

Lasting for a very short time; transient.

हिंदी अर्थ

क्षणिक या अल्पकालिक

📝 Editorial Context: "What is different is that the buzz is not about established companies building on experience but new entrants with fleeting foreign capital..."

✓ Synonyms: Transient, Ephemeral, Short-lived, Evanescent

✗ Antonyms: Enduring, Permanent, Lasting, Perpetual

💡 Mnemonic Memory Trick:

Fleet (जहाज/पंछी) तेजी से उड़कर निकल जाता है = जो तुरंत गायब हो जाए (Fleeting).

🌱 Root Word Breakdown: From Old English 'flēotan' (to float, flow).

Static

(adjective)

🗣️ STAT-ik (स्टैटिक)

English Definition

Lacking in movement, action, or change, especially in a way viewed as uninteresting.

हिंदी अर्थ

स्थिर या अपरिवर्तनीय

📝 Editorial Context: "No sector can hope to be static; survival can mean significant changes to how it operates."

✓ Synonyms: Stationary, Unchanging, Stagnant, Fixed

✗ Antonyms: Dynamic, Fluid, Evolving, Mobile

💡 Mnemonic Memory Trick:

Statue (मूर्ति) एक जगह स्थिर खड़ी रहती है, वैसे ही Static का मतलब 'स्थिर'।

🌱 Root Word Breakdown: From Greek 'statikos' (causing to stand), from 'histanai' (to stand).

Reckoning

(noun)

🗣️ REK-uh-ning (रेकनिंग)

English Definition

A time when what one has done in the past is judged, or a serious assessment/calculation of a situation.

हिंदी अर्थ

आकलन, मूल्यांकन या हिसाब-किताब

📝 Editorial Context: "There is yet no serious reckoning with the might of China’s space programme."

✓ Synonyms: Appraisal, Assessment, Evaluation, Settling of accounts

✗ Antonyms: Disregard, Neglect, Omission

💡 Mnemonic Memory Trick:

Reckon का मतलब होता है 'सोचना/गणना करना' -> Reckoning = परिस्थिति का गंभीर हिसाब या आकलन।

🌱 Root Word Breakdown: From Old English 'recenian' (to recount, calculate).

Nucleus

(noun)

🗣️ NOO-klee-uhs (न्यूक्लिअस)

English Definition

The central and most important part of an object, movement, or group, forming the basis for its activity and growth.

हिंदी अर्थ

केंद्रीय भाग या मुख्य केंद्र

📝 Editorial Context: "a nucleus of value-added services that brings in jobs and absorbs skilled labour"

✓ Synonyms: Core, Hub, Epicentre, Focal point

✗ Antonyms: Periphery, Edge, Margin

💡 Mnemonic Memory Trick:

Science में Nucleus कोशिका या परमाणु का मुख्य केंद्र होता है = Nucleus of growth.

🌱 Root Word Breakdown: From Latin 'nucleus' (kernel, inner part).

Foolhardy

(adjective)

🗣️ FOOL-har-dee (फूलहार्डी)

English Definition

Recklessly bold, rash, or foolishly adventurous.

हिंदी अर्थ

दुस्साहसी या नासमझी भरा उतावलापन

📝 Editorial Context: "to align with some misplaced notion of an ‘exclusive’ club — is foolhardy."

✓ Synonyms: Rash, Reckless, Imprudent, Audacious

✗ Antonyms: Prudent, Cautious, Sensible, Circumspect

💡 Mnemonic Memory Trick:

Fool (मूर्ख) + Hardy (हिम्मती) = मूर्खों जैसी बिना सोची-समझी हिम्मत दिखाना।

🌱 Root Word Breakdown: From Old French 'fol' (foolish) + 'hardi' (bold).

⚡

Editorial Phrasal Verbs

1. Ramping up

Meaning (English): To increase or cause to increase the level, volume, or rate of something rapidly.

Meaning (Hindi): बढ़ाना या तीव्र करना

💬 Example: "ISRO is ramping up its exploration missions to match global aerospace standards."

💡 Memory Tip: Ramp पर गाड़ी ऊपर चढ़ाना = स्पीड या मात्रा में तेज वृद्धि करना।

2. Scale back

Meaning (English): To reduce the size, amount, or scope of something compared to its previous level.

Meaning (Hindi): कम करना या दायरा घटाना

💬 Example: "NASA scaled back its civil workforce significantly following the end of the Apollo era."

💡 Memory Tip: Scale (पैमाना) को Back (पीछे खींचना) = किसी काम का पैमाना घटाना।

3. Bring up

Meaning (English): To introduce or mention a matter or subject for discussion.

Meaning (Hindi): मुद्दा उठाना या चर्चा में लाना

💬 Example: "The recent memorandum brings up several unresolved issues regarding staff benefits."

💡 Memory Tip: मुद्दे को टेबल पर 'Up' लाना = चर्चा के लिए सामने रखना।

4. Spell out

Meaning (English): To explain something very clearly and in detail so that there is no ambiguity.

Meaning (Hindi): स्पष्ट और विस्तार से समझाना

💬 Example: "The government needs to spell out the long-term career roadmaps for public scientists."

💡 Memory Tip: Spell (एक-एक अक्षर बोलना) = बात को बिल्कुल साफ-साफ और खोलकर बयां करना।

5. Build on

Meaning (English): To use something as a foundation or base for further development and progress.

Meaning (Hindi): किसी पूर्व अनुभव या आधार पर आगे बढ़ना

💬 Example: "New aerospace players must build on decades of institutional research to stay competitive."

💡 Memory Tip: Build (निर्माण करना) + On (आधार पर) = पुरानी बुनियाद पर नया ढांचा खड़ा करना।

🔥

Editorial Idioms & Phrases

1. Long in the making

Meaning (English): Developing, accumulating, or being prepared over an extended period of time.

Meaning (Hindi): लंबे समय से तैयार हो रहा या पक रहा मामला

💬 Example: "The standoff between the administration and the employee unions was long in the making."

2. Jump onto a bandwagon

Meaning (English): To join a popular trend, activity, or cause solely because it has become fashionable or successful.

Meaning (Hindi): बहती गंगा में हाथ धोना या केवल लोकप्रियता देखकर किसी चलन में शामिल हो जाना

💬 Example: "Instead of solving fundamental infrastructure issues, firms often jump onto the bandwagon of flashy technology trends."

3. Nut and bolt

Meaning (English): The essential practical details or basic operational components of a system.

Meaning (Hindi): बुनियादी व्यावहारिक विवरण या कल-पुर्जे

💬 Example: "ISRO originally relied on domestic heavy engineering firms to manufacture every nut and bolt of its launch vehicles."

4. Moonshot

Meaning (English): An extremely ambitious, innovative, and ground-breaking project undertaken with little expectation of immediate short-term profit.

Meaning (Hindi): अत्यंत महत्वाकांक्षी और क्रांतिकारी परियोजना

💬 Example: "The agency pivoted from commercial satellite launches toward high-risk moonshots in deep space exploration."

🧠 Daily Vocabulary Practice Quiz (Exam Questions & Answer Key)

Q1. Select the option that is MOST SIMILAR in meaning to the word 'Fleeting' as used in editorial contexts.

A) Perennial

B) Ephemeral

C) Immutable

D) Unyielding

Q2. Choose the word that best fits the blank in the given sentence: 'Scientific research and technological innovation form the __________ of any successful space exploration program.'

A) Paradox

B) Grievance

C) Bedrock

D) Reckoning

Q3. What does the idiom 'Moonshot' best describe in a policy or project context?

A) A routine administrative task with predictable outcomes.

B) An extremely ambitious and innovative project with no immediate expectation of profit.

C) A policy reversal caused by unexpected public pressure.

D) A sudden crash in market values due to speculative trading.

Q4. Which phrasal verb correctly completes the sentence? 'Due to budget constraints and shifting priorities, the agency decided to __________ its non-essential research initiatives.'

A) scale back

B) ramp up

C) spell out

D) build on

Q5. Identify the word that is OPPOSITE in meaning (ANTONYM) to the word 'Foolhardy'.

A) Reckless

B) Prudent

C) Audacious

D) Impetuous

Q6. What is the meaning of the idiom 'Nut and bolt' (or 'Nuts and bolts') when discussing a business model or mission?

A) The external design and aesthetic packaging.

B) Theoretical assumptions that remain untested.

C) The essential practical details or basic operational components.

D) The high-level financial investments made by foreign entities.

Q7. Which of the following words can best replace 'Mushrooming' in the sentence: 'The mushrooming number of private space technology startups has altered the industry landscape'?

A) Proliferating

B) Dwindling

C) Stagnating

D) Subsiding

🎯 Answer Key & Explanations:

Q1: Option B ('Fleeting' means lasting for a very short time (transient/ephemeral - क्षणिक). 'Perennial' means lasting a long time, 'Immutable' means unchangeable, and 'Unyielding' means inflexible.)

Q2: Option C ('Bedrock' refers to the fundamental principles or solid base on which something is built (मूल आधार या बुनियाद). 'Paradox' means contradiction, 'Grievance' means complaint, and 'Reckoning' means assessment/judgment.)

Q3: Option B (A 'Moonshot' is an ambitious, ground-breaking project undertaken with little expectation of short-term profit (अत्यधिक महत्त्वाकांक्षी और क्रांतिकारी योजना).)

Q4: Option A ('Scale back' means to reduce the size, amount, or scope of something (दायरा घटाना या कम करना). 'Ramp up' means to increase rapidly, 'Spell out' means to explain clearly, and 'Build on' means to develop further.)

Q5: Option B ('Foolhardy' means recklessly bold or rash (दुस्साहसी या उतावला). Its antonym is 'Prudent', which means acting with or showing care and thought for the future (विवेकपूर्ण/सावधान).)

Q6: Option C ('Nut and bolt' refers to the basic practical details or practical execution mechanics of a system (व्यवहारिक और बुनियादी विवरण या कल-पुर्जे).)

Q7: Option A ('Mushrooming' means rapid and widespread growth, expansion, or proliferation (तीव्र गति से फैलना या पनपना). 'Proliferating' is its closest synonym. 'Dwindling' means diminishing.)

🧠

Vocabulary Practice Quiz

आज के एडिटोरियल से खुद को टेस्ट करें!

0 / 7

QUESTION 1 OF 7

Select the option that is MOST SIMILAR in meaning to the word 'Fleeting' as used in editorial contexts.

A Perennial

B Ephemeral

C Immutable

D Unyielding

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